1. Introduction: The Question, the Approach, and the Implications

William Bain, ‘Chapter 11. Political Theology and Uncertainty in International Relations’, in Lotte List, Mitchell Dean, and Stefan Schwarzkopf eds., Political Theology Today: 100 Years After Carl Schmitt (Bloomsbury, 2023), pp. 171-184.

2. The Theological and the Political for the Ancients and the Moderns

Dante Alighieri, Dante: Monarchy (CUP, 1996).

Carl Schmitt, Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty (University of Chicago Press, 2005).

3. The Theopolitical Tradition of Christianity

Ernst Kantorowicz, The King's Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology (Princeton University Press, 2016).

René Girard, The Scapegoat (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989).

4. The Theopolitical Tradition of Imperial China

Dong, Zhongshu, Luxuriant Gems of the Spring and Autumn (Columbia University Press, 2015).

Wang, Aihe, Cosmology and Political Culture in Early China (Cambridge University Press, 2000).

5. The Theopolitical Tradition of India

Kautilya, The Arthashastra (Penguin, 2000).

Deepshikha Shahi, ‘3. Kautilya Meets Buddha: Arthasastra between the Realpolitik and Moralpolitik of Asoka’s Mauryan Empire’, Kautilya and Non-Western IR Theory (Springer, 2018), pp. 57-94.

6. The Theopolitical Tradition of Islam

Ibn Khaldûn, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History (Princeton University Press, 2020).

Paul L. Heck, Political Theology and Islam: From the Birth of Empire to the Modern State (University of Notre Dame Press, 2023).

7. The Theopolitical Tradition of Buddhism

Matthew J. Moore, Buddhism and Political Theory (OUP, 2016), pp. 15-42.

Aakash Singh, ‘11. The Political Theology of Navayana Buddhism’, in Peter Losonczi, Mika Luoma-Aho, and Aakash Singh eds. The Future of Political Theology: Religious and Theological Perspectives (Routledge, 2016).

8. The Political Theology of Modern International Order

Martti Koskenniemi, ‘International Law as Political Theology: How to Read Nomos der Erde?’, Constellations, 11(2004): 492-511.

Liane Hartnett, ‘Love as a Practice of Peace: The Political Theologies of Tolstoy, Gandhi and King’, in Vassilios Paipais ed., Theology and World Politics: Metaphysics, Genealogies, Political Theologies (Palgrave, 2020), pp. 265-287.

9. The Political Theology of the Post-WWII Order

Dorothee Sölle, Beyond Mere Obedience: Reflections on a Christian Ethic for the Future (Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1970).

Nur Masalha & Lisa Isherwood eds., Theologies of Liberation in Palestine-Israel: Indigenous, Contextual, and Postcolonial Perspectives (The Lutterworth Press, 2014).

10. The Socialist Political Theology

Mikhail Bakunin, ‘The Political Theology of Mazzini And The International’, The Anarchist Library, https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/mikhail-bakunin-the-political-theology-of-mazzini-and-the-international (accessed 18 June 2025).

Peter McMylor, ‘Chapter 4. Marxism and Socialism: Sacred and Profane’, in Graeme Kirkpatrick, Peter McMylor, Simin Fadaee eds., Marxism, Religion, and Emancipatory Politics (Springer, 2022), pp. 59-78.

11. The Liberal Political Theology

Nicolas Guilhot, ‘2. American Katechon: Christian Realism and the Theological Foundations of International Relations Theory’, After the Enlightenment: Political Realism and International Relations in the Mid-Twentieth Century (CUP, 2017), pp. 69-114.

12. The End of Cold War Revisited

Desmond Mpilo Tutu, No Future without Forgiveness (Doubleday, 1999).

Kathleen Nadeau, 'Chapter 9. Theologies of Struggle, Marxism, and Grassroots Development in the Philippines’, in Graeme Kirkpatrick, Peter McMylor, Simin Fadaee eds., Marxism, Religion, and Emancipatory Politics (Springer, 2022), pp. 157-176.

13. The Return of Religion in Global Politics

Slavoj Žižek, On Belief (Routledge, 2001)

Shannon Brincat, ‘The Cosmology of Mādhyamaka Buddhism and Its World of Deep Relationalism’, in Vassilios Paipais ed., Theology and World Politics: Metaphysics, Genealogies, Political Theologies (Palgrave, 2020), pp. 105-128.

Scott M. Thomas, ‘7. Soulcraft as Statecraft? Diplomacy, Conflict Resolution, and Peacebuilding’, The Global Resurgence of Religion and the Transformation of International Relations: The Struggle for the Soul of the Twenty-first Century (Palgrave, 2005), pp. 173-196.

14. The Political Theology of the People’s Republic of China

Jieren Hu and Joshua Mauldin, ‘6. Tripartite Control of Religion: Reconceptualizing State-Religion Relations in China’, in Joshua Mauldin ed., Political Theology in Chinese Society (Routledge, 2024).

Liu Xiaofeng, Sino-Theology and the Philosophy of History: A Collection of Essays by Liu Xiaofeng (Brill, 2015).

Jiang Shigong, China’s Hong Kong: A Political and Cultural Perspective (Springer, 2017).

15. The Return of Heavenly Kingdoms

Kristina Stoeckl & Dmitry Uzlaner, The Moralist International: Russia in the Global Culture Wars (Fordham University Press, 2022).

Michał Łuczewski, Slavic Political Theology: Słowacki Between Bakunin and Schmitt, Church Life Journal: A Journal of the McGrath Institute for Church Life, February 24, 2023. https://churchlifejournal.nd.edu/articles/slavic-political-theology-juliusz-sowacki-between-bakunin-and-schmitt/ (accessed 18 June 2025).

16. The Future of Legitimation of World Order

Kwok Pui-lan, Postcolonial Politics and Theology: Unraveling Empire for a Global World (Westminster John Knox Press, 2021).

Aakash Singh, ‘11. The Political Theology of Navayana Buddhism’, in Péter Losonczi, Mika Luoma-aho, and Aakash Singh eds., The Future of Political Theology: Religious and Theological Perspectives (Routledge 2012).

Lotte List, Mitchell Dean, and Stefan Schwarzkopf eds., Political Theology Today: 100 Years After Carl Schmitt (Bloomsbury, 2023)

Carl Schmitt, Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty (University of Chicago Press, 2005).

Ernst Kantorowicz, The King's Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology (Princeton University Press, 2016).

René Girard, The Scapegoat (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989).

Dong, Zhongshu, Luxuriant Gems of the Spring and Autumn (Columbia University Press, 2015).

Wang, Aihe, Cosmology and Political Culture in Early China (Cambridge University Press, 2000).

Kautilya, The Arthashastra (Penguin, 2000).

Deepshikha Shahi, Kautilya and Non-Western IR Theory (Springer, 2018).

Ibn Khaldûn, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History (Princeton University Press, 2020).

Paul L. Heck, Political Theology and Islam: From the Birth of Empire to the Modern State (University of Notre Dame Press, 2023).

Matthew J. Moore, Buddhism and Political Theory (OUP, 2016).

Peter Losonczi, Mika Luoma-Aho, and Aakash Singh eds. The Future of Political Theology: Religious and Theological Perspectives (Routledge, 2016).

Vassilios Paipais ed., Theology and World Politics: Metaphysics, Genealogies, Political Theologies (Palgrave, 2020).

Dorothee Sölle, Beyond Mere Obedience: Reflections on a Christian Ethic for the Future (Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1970).

Nur Masalha & Lisa Isherwood eds., Theologies of Liberation in Palestine-Israel: Indigenous, Contextual, and Postcolonial Perspectives (The Lutterworth Press, 2014).

Mikhail Bakunin, ‘The Political Theology of Mazzini And The International’

Graeme Kirkpatrick, Peter McMylor, Simin Fadaee eds., Marxism, Religion, and Emancipatory Politics (Springer, 2022).

Nicolas Guilhot, After the Enlightenment: Political Realism and International Relations in the Mid-Twentieth Century (CUP, 2017).

Slavoj Žižek, On Belief (Routledge, 2001).

Scott M. Thomas, The Global Resurgence of Religion and the Transformation of International Relations: The Struggle for the Soul of the Twenty-first Century (Palgrave, 2005).

Joshua Mauldin ed., Political Theology in Chinese Society (Routledge, 2024).

Liu Xiaofeng, Sino-Theology and the Philosophy of History: A Collection of Essays by Liu Xiaofeng (Brill, 2015).

Jiang Shigong, China’s Hong Kong: A Political and Cultural Perspective (Springer, 2017).

Kristina Stoeckl & Dmitry Uzlaner, The Moralist International: Russia in the Global Culture Wars (Fordham University Press, 2022).

Kwok Pui-lan, Postcolonial Politics and Theology: Unraveling Empire for a Global World (Westminster John Knox Press, 2021).