• Week 1 (2/18):

Introduction: Global security and increasing geopolitical challenges

Key questions: What is today’s main concern of global, regional and national security? What are the features of Asia security today in the turbulent global security context?

• Week 2 (2/25):

Transformation of Asian Geopolitics: facing a powerful China

   Key questions: How much has a powerful China changed Asian geopolitics?

Agnew, John. (2012), “Is US security policy ‘pivoting’ from the Atlantic to Asia-Pacific? A Critical Geopolitical Perspective” Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung | Global Policy and Development, September,

Committee on Foreign Relations, US Senate, (2008), “China’s foreign policy and ‘soft power’ in South America, Asia, and Africa,” <http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/2008_rpt/crs-china.pdf>

Gothard, David. (2008), “Reviewing America Asia policy,” Wall street Journal Asia, May 27.

Ikenberry, G. John. (2008), “The Rise of China and the Future of the West: Can the Liberal System Survive? Foreign Affairs, (January/February).

Lind, Jennifer. (2018). “Life in China’s Asia,” Foreign Affairs, (March/April) https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-02-13/life-chinas-asia

Martin Jacques, (2013). “How China Will Change the Global Political Map,” Transatlantic Academy, (March).

Schwenninger, Sherle R. (2003), “Revamping American Grand Strategy,” World Policy Journal, vol. XX, no. 3 (Fall).

Sutter, Robert. (2008), Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War. New York: Rowman & Little field Publishers, Inc.

Twining, Daniel. (2007), “America’s grand design in Asia,” Washington Quarterly, 30:3 (Summer), pp. 79-94.

Wan, Ming. (2007), “Engaging China: The Political Economy and Geopolitical Approaches of the United States, Japan and the European Union,” Japan Focus (November 17).  <http://www.japanfocus.org/_Ming_WAN-Engaging_China__The_Political_Economy_and_Geopolitical_Approaches_of_the_United_States__Japan_and_the_European_Union>

Wang, Fei-ling. (2009), “To assess the rise of China,” Asia Policy, no. 8 (July), pp. 151-59.

Woody, Christopher. (2018). “Countries in Asia are looking for ways to counter China's growing power — with and without the US's help,” Business Insider, May 26. https://www.businessinsider.com/ways-countries-in-asia-are-responding-to-china-2018-5

• Tabletop Exercise (3/3-5)

• Week 3 (3/4):

The Uncertain United States to Asia: Leadership Challenged

Key questions: Is the United States’ leadership declining? What specific implication of American decline for the region?

• Berteau, David J. Michael Green, and Zack Cooper, (2014), Assessing the Asia-Pacific Rebalance, Washington DC: CSIS; New York: Rowman & Littlefield.


• Blumenthal Daniel (2017). “The Outlines of Trump’s Asia Strategy,” American Interest, https://www.the-american-interest.com/2017/11/17/outlines-trumps-asia-strategy/


• Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (2018). “The American century is not over yet,” Taipei Times, April 13, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2018/04/13/2003691209


• Yadav, Riddhima (2018) “Jake Sullivan on the Future of American Foreign Policy in Asia,” The Diplomat, May 16. https://thediplomat.com/2018/05/jake-sullivan-on-the-future-of-american-foreign-policy-in-asia/

• Week 4 (3/11):

Global security: multi-dimensional security challenges and paradigm shift in a New era of the COVID-19

Key questions: How serious does the COVID-19 impact on global security? Would the pandemic encourage more international cooperation feasible? How would the pandemic change the course of the great power game? How much would the pandemic affect the features of global security?

1. 
   
   
   
   1. Serious impacts of the COVID-19 on regional security?
   
   
   2. Under the pandemic, what specific efforts by the US and China made?
   
   
   3. Have vaccines become strategic tool for great powers? 
   
   
   
   

“2020 Geo-strategic outlook -- the COVID-19 update: Global rebalancing amid a pandemic,” (April 2020). https://www.ey.com/en_gl/geostrategy/why-companies-must-plan-for-geopolitical-volatility-and-global-rebalancing

Caballero-Anthony, Mely. (2021). “Global Health Security: Lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia,” Project for Peaceful Competition, https://www.peaceful-competition.org/pub/bjxk52wm/release/1

Heisbourg, François. (2020), “From Wuhan to the World: How the Pandemic Will Reshape Geopolitics,” Survival, Volume 62 Number 3, June–July. https://www.iiss.org/~/publication/ec485565-5fb7-40f1-b83e-a334f8ba1709/survival-global-politics-and-strategy-june-july-2020.pdf

Huang, Yanzhong and Scott Kennedy. (December 2021), “Advancing U.S.-China Health Security Cooperation in an Era of Strategic Competition,” CSIS, Washington D.C. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/211201_Kennedy_USChina_HealthSecurityCooperation.pdf?2CC5_x4F2jIhaOgwo8mvqpPKkztE7RFG

Maude, Richard. (2020), “COVID-19, Government and Security in Southeast Asia,” Asia Society Policy Institute and Asia Society Australia (October 12). https://southeastasiacovid.asiasociety.org/covid-19-government-and-security-in-southeast-asia/#content-blocks__4

Muggah, Robert, David Steven, and Liv Tørres, (2020), “We urgently need major cooperation on global security in the COVID-19 era,” World Economic Forum, April 23. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/we-need-major-cooperation-on-global-security-in-the-covid-19-era/

Priborkin, Emily (2020), “The Impact of COVID-19 on National and Global Security,” May 21. https://www.american.edu/sis/news/20200521-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-national-and-global-security.cfm

Sullivan, Richard and Gemma Bowsher. (2022), “China, the West, and the Future of Global Health Security,” Center for Global Development, (January 5), https://www.cgdev.org/blog/china-west-and-future-global-health-security

• Week 5 (3/18):

Lessons of the Consistent Taiwan Strait Crisis: New Challenges to Asia and the World

Key questions: What specific consequences emerge after tension rises in the Taiwan Strait? How would the crisis impact on the current cross-strait relation?  

n Relations Scott Kennedy

Colby, Elbridge (2022), “America Must Prepare for a War Over Taiwan: Being Ready Is the Best Way to Prevent a Fight with China,” Foreign Affairs, (August 10). https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/america-must-prepare-war-over-taiwan

Maizland, Lindsay (2022), “Why China-Taiwan Relations Are So Tense,” Council on Foreign Relations, (August 3). https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-taiwan-relations-tension-us-policy-biden

Shattuck, Thomas (2022), “America should walk the walk in the Taiwan Strait,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, August 26, 2022. https://www.fpri.org/article/2022/08/america-should-walk-the-walk-in-the-taiwan-strait/ 

Stallard, Katie (2022), “Are the US and China destined for war over Taiwan?” The New Statesman (UK Edition), (August 31). https://www.newstatesman.com/international-politics/geopolitics/2022/08/are-the-us-and-china-destined-for-war-over-taiwan

“The Military Dimensions of the Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis”, CSIS, August 22, 2022. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/event/220822_Taiwan_Crisis.pdf?ToiHW3mSCXdD2U_IR6Q_K5eyVccgQqtY 

“Taiwan Strait Crisis,” (2022), International Crisis Group, https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/north-east-asia/taiwan-strait

“Toward a Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis,” (2022), CSIS, August 4.  https://www.csis.org/analysis/toward-fourth-taiwan-strait-crisis

Twomey, Christopher (2022), “The Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis is just starting,” War on the Rocks, August 22. https://warontherocks.com/2022/08/the-fourth-taiwan-strait-crisis-is-just-starting/

• Week 6 (3/25):

Geo-politics and geo-strategy in Northeast Asia:

1. 
   
   
   
   14. China-Japan rapprochement
   
   
   14. Japan-Korea complicate relation
   
   
   14. Taiwan Political Transformation and the Cross-strait Relations
   
   
   
   

   Key question: How would US-China rivalry impact on Northeast Asian geopolitical landscape?

Agnew, John (2012). “Is US security policy ‘pivoting’ from the Atlantic to Asia-Pacific? A Critical Geopolitical Perspective” Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung | Global Policy and Development, September,

Park, Jaehan. (2021), “The Korean Peninsula: The Geopolitical Pivot of Northeast Asia,” Orbis, vol. 65, issue. 2, pp. 322-341.

Twining, Daniel. (2007), “America’s grand design in Asia,” Washington Quarterly, 30:3 (Summer), pp. 79-94.

• Week 7 (4/1):

Southeast Asian Security in an Era of the Great Power Rivalry

   Key question: Are regional countries forced to take side between the US and China?   

Ba, Alice (2007), “Between China and America: ASEAN's Great Power Dilemmas,” in Simon, Sheldon W. Evelyn Goh, China, the United States, and South-East Asia Contending Perspectives on Politics, Security, and Economics. London: Routledge.

Chambers, Michael, (2007), “China's Military Rise to Great Power Status and its Implications for the United States in Southeast Asia,” in Simon, Sheldon W. Evelyn Goh, China, the United States, and South-East Asia Contending Perspectives on Politics, Security, and Economics.

Chen, Ian Tsung-Yen and Yang, Alan Hao (2013), “A harmonized Southeast Asia? Explanatory typologies of ASEAN countries’ strategies to the rise of China,” Pacific Review. July 2013, Vol. 26 Issue 3, pp.265-288.

See Seng Tan (2012). “Specters of Leifer: Insights on Regional Order and Security for Southeast Asia Today,” Contemporary Southeast Asia, December 2012, Vol. 34 Issue 3, pp.309-337.

Shambaugh, David. (2018), “U.S.-China Rivalry in Southeast Asia: Power Shift or Competitive Coexistence?”International Security, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Spring), pp. 85-127.

Simon, Sheldon. (2007), ASEAN and its Security Offspring: Facing New Challenges Carlisle, P.A.: US Army War College.

Stromseth, Jonathan. (2019), “Don’t make us choose Southeast Asia in the throes of US-China rivalry,” Brookings Institution, (December) https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/FP_20191009_dont_make_us_choose.pdf

Sutter, Robert. (2021), “Why US Rivalry with China Will Endure: Implications for Southeast Asia,” ISEAS Perspective, issue 2021, no. 138. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/ISEAS_Perspective_2021_138.pdf

• Week 8 (4/8):

The Nature of Southeast Asian Security

   Key question: Is building a community a safe way for maintaining regional peace?

Acharya, Amitav (2000), Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia ASEAN and the Problem of Regional Order. London: Routledge.

Capie, David (2013). “Structures, Shocks and Norm Change: Explaining the Late Rise of Asia's Defence Diplomacy,” Contemporary Southeast Asia, April 2013, Vol. 35 Issue 1, pp.1-26.

Simon, Sheldon. (2007), ASEAN and its Security Offspring: Facing New Challenges Carlisle, P.A.: US Army War College.

Sukma, Rizal (2012). “The ASEAN political and security community (APSC): opportunities and constraints for the R2P in Southeast Asia,” Pacific Review, (March 2012), Vol. 25 Issue 1, pp.135-152.

• Week 9 (4/15):

Technology Transformation and Great Power Competition

1. Technology competition


2. Supply chain


3. Diplomatic and economic development: Mekong Projects, BRI vs. Indo-Pacific Economic Framework

Key question: How serious is US-China technological competition leading to a divided world? Would geopolitics change structure of global supply chain?

Allison, Graham, Kevin Klyman, Karina Barbesino, Hugo Yen, (2021), “The Great Tech Rivalry: China vs. the U.S.,” Belfer Center, Harvard Kennedy School, December. https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/GreatTechRivalry_ChinavsUS_211207.pdf

Harold, Scott W. and Rika Kamijima-Tsunoda, (2021), “Winning the 5G Race with China: A U.S.-Japan Strategy to Trip the Competition, Run Faster, and Put the Fix In,” Asia Policy, vol. 163, no.3, (July 29).

Lewis, James Andrew (2020), “Managing Semiconductor Exports to China,” May 5, CSIS Commentary, https://www.csis.org/analysis/managing-semiconductor-exports-china

Varas, Antonio and Raj Varadarajan (2020), “How Restricting Trade with China Could End US Semiconductor Leadership,” Boston Consulting Group, March 9. https://media-publications.bcg.com/flash/2020-03-07-How-Restrictions-to-Trade-with-China-Could-End-US-Semiconductor-Leadership.pdf

Kahata, Akinori. (2020), “Assessing the Impact of U.S.-China Technology Competition and Decoupling: Focusing on 5G,” CSIS, December 16. https://www.csis.org/blogs/technology-policy-blog/assessing-impact-us-china-technology-competition-and-decoupling

Kahata, Akinori. (2020), “Managing U.S.-China Technology Competition and Decoupling,” CSIS, November 24.https://www.csis.org/blogs/technology-policy-blog/managing-us-china-technology-competition-and-decoupling

• Week 10 (4/22):

Maritime Security and Competition in the region: Gray Zone Strategy prevailing

   Key question: Would maritime disputes in Asia be possibly solved or settled?

Baviera, Aileen S. P. (2013),“China-ASEAN Conflict and Cooperation in the South China Sea: Managing Power Asymmetry,” The Study of National Security at Fifty: Re-awakenings, National Security Review, December. http://www.ndcp.edu.ph/for%20NDCP%20website/BAVIERA_China-ASEAN%20Conflict%20and%20Cooperation%20in%20the%20South%20China%20Sea%20Managing%20Power%20Asymmetry.pdf

Buszynski, Leszek and Christopher B. Roberts, (2015), The South China Sea Maritime Dispute Political, Legal and Regional Perspectives, London: Routledge.

Djalal, Hasjim. (2011), “Conflict Management Experiences in Southeast Asia: Lessons and Implications for the South China Sea Disputes,” Asian Politics & Policy, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 627-642.

Liss, Carolin. (2013), “New Actors and the State: Addressing Maritime Security Threats in Southeast Asia,” Contemporary Southeast Asia, August 2013, Vol. 35 Issue 2, pp. 141-162.

Pavin, Chachavalpongpun ed., (2014), Entering Uncharted Waters?: ASEAN and the South China Sea, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Raine, Sarah and Christian Le Miere, (2013), Regional Disorder: the South China Sea Disputes, London: International Institute for Strategic Studies.

Snyder, Scott. (1996), “The South China Sea Dispute: Prospects for Preventive Diplomacy,” United States Institute of Peace, Special Report, no. 18 (August). <http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/early/snyder/South_China_Sea1.html>

Song, Yann-huei. (2005),“Cross-Strait Interactions on the South China Sea Issues: A Need for CBMs,” Marine Policy, 29(3), pp. 265-280.

Storey, Ian (2008), “Conflict in the South China Sea: China’s Relations with Vietnam and the Philippines,” Japan Focus, (April 30). <http://www.japanfocus.org/~Ian-Storey/2732>

Twomey, Christopher (2022), “The Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis is just starting,” War on the Rocks, August 22. https://warontherocks.com/2022/08/the-fourth-taiwan-strait-crisis-is-just-starting/

• Week 11 (4/29):

The South China Sea and UNCLOS: US-China Strategic Contest

Key question: How would rules-based order prevail in the South China Sea?

Kronin, Patrick (2012), “From Strength to Cooperation: The United States, China and the South China Sea,” Washington D.C.: Center for a New American Security, (January).

Liu, Fu-Kuo and Jonathan Spangler, eds., (2016), South China Sea Lawfare: Legal Perspectives and International Responses to the Philippines v. China Arbitration Case, Taipei: South China Sea Think Tank/ Taiwan Center for Security Studies.

Pompeo, Michael (2020), “U.S. Position on Maritime Claims in the South China Sea,” Press Statement, US Department of State, July 13. https://www.state.gov/u-s-position-on-maritime-claims-in-the-south-china-sea/

Wang, Kuan-hsiung “The ROC’s Maritime Claims and Practices with Special Reference to the South China Sea,” Ocean Development & International Law, no. 41(2010), pp.237–252.

• Week 12 (5/6):

Climate Change and Global and Regional Security Challenges

   Key question: How critical is climate change to Asia security?

Babson, Esther (2018), “Strained Stability Climate Change and Regional Security in Southeast Asia,” American Security Project, June. https://www.americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Ref-0211-Strained-Stability-Climate-Security-Southeast-Asia.pdf  

“Impacts of Climate Change and National Security,” https://www.americansecurityproject.org/climate-security/

“The Security Implications of Climate Change,” (2010), CSCAP Memorandum no. 15. June. http://www.cscap.org/uploads/docs/Memorandums/CSCAP%20Memorandum%20No%2015%20-%20The%20security%20implications%20of%20climate%20change.pdf

• Week 13 (5/13)

Case I: geopolitical competition

Standoff between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea

Key question: How much is regional supply impacted by the COVID-19, the Ukraine War and the Taiwan Strait crisis?

Bateman, Sam (2011). “Solving the "Wicked Problems" of Maritime Security: Are Regional Forums up to the Task?”, Contemporary Southeast Asia, April 2011, Vol. 33 Issue 1, pp.1-28.

 Cronin, Richard and Zachary Dubel (2012), “Maritime Security in East Asia: Boundary Disputes, Resources, and the Future of Regional Stability” < http://www.stimson.org/images/uploads/research-pdfs/Maritime_Security_in_East_Asia.pdf>

 “Maritime Security in the East Asia and Pacific Region,” (2006), Bureau of Public Affairs, US Department of State, (April 21).  <http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65061.pdf>

Cheng, Dean. (2023) “Rising Tensions Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea: Tangible U.S. support to the Philippines will be required to check Chinese escalation,” (December 14),https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/12/rising-tensions-between-china-and-philippines-south-china-sea

“Rhetoric Escalates in China-Philippines South China Sea Dispute,” (2023), Aljazeera, (December 25), https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/25/rhetoric-escalates-in-china-philippines-sea-dispute

Storey, Ian. (2008), “Securing Southeast Asia’s Sea Lanes: A Work in Progress,” Asia Policy, no. 6 (July), pp. 95–127.

Shah, Anup. (2007), “Energy Security,” Global Issues, (October 3). <http://www.globalissues.org/article/595/energy-security>

“U.S. proposes initiative for maritime security in Asia-Pacific,” (2004), Asian Political News, (May 17).<http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDQ/is_/ai_n6264453>

Wu, Kang. Fereidun Fesharaki, Sidney B. Westley and Widhyawan Prawiraatmadja, (2008), “Six Steps Toward Increased Energy Security in Asia Pacific,” Pinoypress (August 28). <http://www.pinoypress.net/2008/08/28/six-steps-toward-increased-energy-security-in-asia-pacific/>

Wu, Shicun and Keyuan Zou, Maritime Security in the South China Sea: Regional Implications and International Cooperation (London: Ashgate, 2009).

• Week 14 (5/20):

Case II: Great Power Strategic Competition

Global Competition: Indo-Pacific strategy vs. Belt and Road Initiative

   Key question: How would geostrategic competition between and among great powers impact the future of global security?

“ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific,” (2019), ASEAN Secretariat, https://asean.org/storage/2019/06/ASEAN-Outlook-on-the-Indo-Pacific_FINAL_22062019.pdf

“Belt and Road Initiative,” the World Bank, 29 March 2018. (with a long list of research reports on BRI) https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/regional-integration/brief/belt-and-road-initiative

“China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the global trade, investment and finance landscape,” OECD Business and Finance Outlook 2018, https://www.oecd.org/finance/Chinas-Belt-and-Road-Initiative-in-the-global-trade-investment-and-finance-landscape.pdf

Ghiasy, Richard. Fei Su, and Lora Saalma, (2018), “The 21^st Century Maritime Silk Road: Security implications for ways forward for the European Union,” Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2018-09/the-21st-century-maritime-silk-road.pdf

“Indo - Pacific Strategy Report: Preparedness, Partnerships, and Promoting a Networked Region,” (2019), Department of Defense, https://media.defense.gov/2019/Jul/01/2002152311/-1/-1/1/DEPARTMENT-OF-DEFENSE-INDO-PACIFIC-STRATEGY-REPORT-2019.PDF  

“Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States,” (February 2022) the Whitehouse. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf

• Week 15 (5/27):

Case III: Gray Zone Strategy

China’s Increasing Comprehensive Pressures to Taiwan

Question: What specific implication of Chinese expanding its gray zone approach to Taiwan?

Chau, Thompson. “Taiwan and China spar over capsizing, inspections near Kinmen islands,” Nikkei, February 22, 2024. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Taiwan-tensions/Taiwan-and-China-spar-over-capsizing-inspections-near-Kinmen-islands

De Guzman, Chad and Koh Ewe, “Why China Isn’t Blowing Up Over the Deaths of Fishermen That Taiwanese Forces Chased Away,” Time, February 15, 2024. https://time.com/6695206/taiwan-coast-guard-fishermen-deaths-china-condemnation/

Feng, John. “China Moves on Taiwan's Front-Line Islands With Close Patrols,” Newsweek, February 26, 2024. https://www.newsweek.com/china-coast-guard-patrols-taiwan-kinmen-islands-waters-1873209

• Week 16 (6/3):

Presentations

• Week 17 (6/10):

Conclusion: Asia Security in the Global Context: Reviewing Taiwan Contingency

To be confirmed soon.

1. Attendance (30%)

2. Final paper (40%)

3. presentation (20%)

4. Course discussion (10%)

Acharya, Amitav. (2002), Regionalism and multilateralism: essays on cooperative security in the Asia-Pacific. Singapore: Times Academic Press.

Acharya, Amitav and Evelyn Goh, eds., (2007), Reassessing Security Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Competition, Congruence, and Transformation. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

“ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific,” (2019), ASEAN Secretariat, https://asean.org/storage/2019/06/ASEAN-Outlook-on-the-Indo-Pacific_FINAL_22062019.pdf

Ayson, Robert and Desmond Ball, eds., (2006), Strategy and Security in the Asia-Pacific. Canberra: Allen & Unwin Academic.http://www.amazon.com/Rethinking-Security-East-Asia-Efficiency/dp/0804749795/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1222225137&sr=1-5

Bateman, Sam and Joshua Ho. Eds. (2012), Maritime Challenges and Priorities in Asia: Implications for Regional Security, Oxford: Routledge

Berkofsky, Axel and Giulia Sciorati. Eds., (2021), Post-Pandemic Asia: A New Normal for Regional Security? Milan, Italy: Ledizioni LediPublishing. https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/post-pandemic-asia-new-normal-regional-security-28948

Bush, Richard C. (2005), Untying the Knot: Making Peace in the Taiwan Strait. Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press.

Bush, Richard C. (2010), The Perils of Proximity: China-Japan Security Relations. Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press.

Buszynski, Leszek and Christopher B. Roberts, (2015), The South China Sea Maritime Dispute Political, Legal and Regional Perspectives, London: Routledge.

Calder, Kent E., and Francis Fukuyama (eds.), (2008), East Asian Multilateralism: Prospects for Regional Stability. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Clad, James, Sean M. McDonald, and Bruce Vaughn, (eds.), (2011). The Borderlands of Southeast Asia. Washington D.C.: Institute for national Strategic Studies, National Defense University.

Ghiasy, Richard. Fei Su, and Lora Saalma, (2018), “The 21^st Century Maritime Silk Road: Security implications for ways forward for the European Union,” Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2018-09/the-21st-century-maritime-silk-road.pdf

         Gupta, Amit. Ed., (2008), Strategic Stability in Asia. London: Ashgate.

Hoadley, Stephen. (2006), Asian Security Reassessed. Singapore: ISEAS.

“Indo - Pacific Strategy Report: Preparedness, Partnerships, and Promoting a Networked Region,” (2019), Department of Defense, https://media.defense.gov/2019/Jul/01/2002152311/-1/-1/1/DEPARTMENT-OF-DEFENSE-INDO-PACIFIC-STRATEGY-REPORT-2019.PDF  

“Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States,” (February 2022) the Whitehouse. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf

Kang, David. (2017), American Grand Strategy and East Asian Security in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Medeiros, Evan S., et al., (2008), Pacific Currents: The Response of U.S. Allies and Security Partners in East Asia to China’s Rise. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.

Pavin Chachavalpongpun, (2014), Entering Uncharted Waters? ASEAN and the South China Sea. Singapore: ISEAS.

Pempel, T.J. ed., (2013), The Economy-Security Nexus in Northeast Asia, Oxford: Routledge.

Sutter, Robert. (2008), Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War. New York: Rowman& Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

Sarah Raine and Christian Le Miere, (2013), Regional Disorder: the South China Sea Disputes. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies.

Wu, Shicun and Keyuan Zou, (2009), Maritime Security in the South China Sea: Regional Implications and International Cooperation. London: Ashgate.